RESPIRATORY SYSTEM(PRACTICAL)

Respiratory System

Definition of Terms

Nasal Cavity

The nasal cavity is the inside of the nose. It is lined with a mucous membrane that assists to keep the nose moist by making mucus that prevents nosebleeds resulting from a dry nose. There are as well little hairs that assist filter the air we breathe in, blocking dirt and dust from getting into our lungs.

Oral cavity

The oral cavity is the first part of the digestive tract, and is made up of the mouth and the structures which are enclosed within it. The mouth isn’t simply a hole in the face. It’s a complex structure with nutritional, respiratory, and communicative roles in all mammals and the majority of other groups of animals.

Epiglottis

The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that lies at the base of the tongue that keeps food from moving into the trachea or windpipe during swallowing. When it becomes infected and inflamed, it can swell and block or close off the windpipe, which may be fatal unless treated without delay.

Trachea

The trachea (or windpipe) is a wide, hollow tube that links the larynx (or voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an essential part of the body’s airway and has the critical function of providing air flow to and from the lungs for respiration. The trachea starts at the inferior end of the larynx in the base of the neck.

Cartilage

Cartilage is the tough but flexible tissue that envelops the ends of your bones at a joint. It as well gives shape and support to other parts of your body, like the ears, nose and windpipe. Healthy cartilage helps us to move by allowing our bones to glide over each other.

Lung

The lung is the essential respiration organ in several air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex organism, the two lungs are situated near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their main role is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere.

Oblique fissure

In the right lung there is an oblique fissure and a horizontal fissure, separating the lung into three lobes – upper, middle, and lower. Each lobe in turn has its own visceral pleural covering. Lateral chest x-rays are helpful in demonstrating the oblique fissures as well referred to as the major fissures.

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is the dome-shaped sheet of muscle and tendon that functions as the main muscle of respiration and plays a significant role in the breathing process. It is as well known as the thoracic diaphragm and serves as a crucial anatomical landmark that divides the thorax, or chest, from the abdomen.

Pharynx

The pharynx, or the throat, is the passageway that leads from the mouth and nose to the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx allows the passage of swallowed solids and liquids into the esophagus, or gullet, and transports air to and from the trachea, or windpipe, during respiration.

Larynx

The larynx, also known as voice box is a hollow, tubular structure connected to the top of the windpipe (trachea); air passes through the larynx on its way to the lungs. The larynx as well produces vocal sounds and inhibits the passage of food and other foreign particles into the lower respiratory tracts.

bronchus

Bronchi are the main passageway into the lungs. When someone breathes in air his nose or mouth, the air travels into the larynx from where it moves into the trachea, which carries the air to the left and right bronchus. The bronchi become smaller the closer they get to the lung tissue as brionchioles

Aveoli

The plural of alveolus is alveoli. The alveoli are tiny air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. They are anatomical structures that have the form of a hollow cavity or balloon like structure found in the lung parenchyma.