TRANSPORT SYSTEM (PRACTICAL)

Transport System

Definition of Terms

Carotid artery

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the head and body. There are two carotid arteries (one on each side of the neck) that supply blood to the brain. The carotid arteries can be felt on each side of the lower neck, immediately below the angle of the jaw. The carotid arteries supply blood to the large, front part of the brain, where thinking, speech, personality and sensory and motor functions dwell.

Pulmonary vein

In human anatomy, there are a total of four pulmonary veins, and all of them link with the left atrium of the heart. The heart pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. Once the blood has been oxygenated, it returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. Then, the heart circulates this newly oxygenated blood throughout the body.

Aorta

This is the largest artery in the body, the aorta arises from the left ventricle of the heart, goes up (ascends) a little ways, bends over (arches), then goes down (descends) through the chest and through the abdomen to where ends by dividing into two arteries known as the common iliac arteries that go to the legs.

Mesenteric artery

The superior mesenteric artery is a main blood vessel in the digestive system. This artery branches out of the abdominal aorta, and it services the pancreas and the lower parts of the intestine. This includes the duodenum’s lower part, in addition to the transverse colon. The artery branches into many other blood vessels, which includes the inferior pancreaticoduodenal, the illeocolic, the intestinal and the right and left colic arteries.

Renal artery

There are two blood vessels leading off from the abdominal aorta, which is situated in the abdominal section of the heart’s major artery, and go to the kidneys. The renal artery is one of these two blood vessels. It is located where the kidney curves inwards in a concave shape, the hilum is found, which is an opening where the renal artery enters.

Iliac artery

The iliac artery is situated just to the left side of the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, where the abdominal aorta separates into two arteries. These again divide as they descend from the end of the aorta and each divides, between the last lumbar vertebra and the sacrum, into the external iliac artery.

Iliac vein

The iliac vein forms in the abdomen region of the fifth lumbar vertebrae. It divides into two branches. The internal iliac vein supplies blood to the visceral organs in the pelvic region. The external iliac links to the femoral veins and the two join together to form the inferior vena cava.

Renal vein

There are two renal veins, a left and a right. They branch off on the inferior vena cava and discharges deoxygenated blood from the kidneys. As it enters the kidneys, each vein divides into two parts. Each branch connects to a certain location. The posterior vein assists in draining the posterior section of the kidney, while the anterior assists the anterior part.

Hepatic portal vein

The hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver’s capillary beds. It is about three to four inches and length and is usually formed by the convergence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind the upper edge of the head of pancreas.

Hepatic vein

The hepatic veins are the veins that carry deoxygenated blood that comes from the liver, and then discharges it into the inferior vena cava. They also the carry blood that has been discharged from the colon, pancreas, small intestine, and the stomach, and cleaned by the liver. These veins originate from the core vein of the liver lobule, but they do not possess any valve.

Vena cava

The superior vena cava is a vein in the body that carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart, and it is as well normally referred to as the precava. The inferior vena cava is as well known as the posterior vena cava. The inferior vena cava is a vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart. This vein carries de-oxygenated blood.

Pulmonary artery

The main pulmonary artery is responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the heart and into the lungs. The main artery splits into the left pulmonary artery and the right pulmonary, each of which carries the blood to the corresponding lung. These are the main arteries in the body, along with the umbilical arteries, that carry deoxygenated blood.

Jugular vein

The jugular veins are in the neck and use up blood from the head, brain, face and neck and get them across it toward the heart. The external jugular vein collects most of the blood from the outside of the skull and the deep parts of the face. It is located outside the sternocleidomastoid muscle, passes down the neck and joins the subclavian vein.